在采購的實際工作和學習中，采購人員經常都會遇到一些專業術語，其中一些術語可能是常見的，但有一些術語是少用的，也許很多的采購人員都不太清楚它們的具體意思，特別是英文術語，不少采購人員更是難以理解。這里眾智供應鏈的小編根據CPPM注冊職業采購經理的學習資料，整理的一些采中英文采購專業術語的解釋，供大家學習參考！








ABC ANALYSIS 存貨價值控制 ABC 分析

Application of Pareto's Law, or the 80/20 rule. ABC analysis, as related to inventory, is simply a determination of the relative ratios between the number of items and the dollar value of theitems purchased repetitively for stock. In most organizations,5-10% of the items ("A" items) account for 75-80% of the investment; the next 15-20% of the items ("B" items) account for 20-25% of the investment; and the remaining 75-80% of the items ("C" items) account for 5-10% of the investment.Inventories should be managed accordingly, with more emphasisplaced on the strategic management of the "A" items.

ABC 分析是應用柏拉圖定律，或 80/20 的比例原則，將經常性存貨計算出每一項目占總存貨項目，以及總存貨金額的比例。一般而言，5–10%的項目(稱為 A 項目)占總存貨金額的75–80%，20–25%的項目(稱為 B 項目)占總存貨金額的 15–20%，而70–75%的項目(稱為 C項目)占總存貨金額的 5–10%。存貨必須依照其所占之不同比例來管理，并應將重點放在A項目的策略管理上。更恰當一點的描述應該是「重大的采購金額(80%)，是發生在主要的少數項目(20%)上面」。其主要的目的是在幫助管理者確認，那些采購項目才是值得投注努力，而能獲得更高更大的效益，也在協助采購進行重點式的管理。




ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE 絕對利益

A competitive strength enjoyed by a country as a result of a natural endowment that other countries do not have.

一個國家因為具有優于其它國家之天然資源，所產生的競爭優勢。假設今有甲、乙兩貿易國，并以生產 A、B 兩商品而言，等量資本投注在甲國生產 A 商品的勞動生產力，高于乙國生產 A 商品的勞動生產力，那么甲國則具有生產此 A 商品的「絕對利益」。




ACCEPTANCE TESTING 允收抽樣

A statistical quality control technique used to evaluate the overall condition of a given lot by inspecting only a portion or sample of the lot.

一種統計品管的方法，藉由檢驗特定批量中的一部份或樣本，來評估其總體質量的情況。抽樣可以依據前批或前數批檢驗結果進行加嚴或放寬，針對人力物力可有效運用。




ACCEPTANCE 接受

The intentional indication of an offeree to be bound by the terms of an offer.

受報價者展示其承認報價者條款約束力的意圖。




ACCESSORIAL CHARGES 附屬費用

Costs that carriers may charge in addition to the transportation cost. They include single shipment,inside delivery, notification, and storage and redelivery charges.

運輸公司在運輸成本之外，所附加的費用，包括單次運送，內部交付，運送通知，以及儲存與轉運的費用。




ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 會計系統

The combination of records and procedures that discover, record, classify, and report information about the financial position and operations of an organization.

公司透過紀錄與程序的結合來，揭露，紀錄，分類，及報告其財務狀況與營運情況。




ACCULTURATION 文化適應

The process of becoming familiar with another culture.

熟悉另一種文化的過程。




ACKNOWLEDGMENT 承認書

A communication (written or electronic) used to inform the buyer that the supplier has accepted a purchase order. An acknowledgment creates a bilateral contract, as long as the terms of the acknowledgment are not substantively different from those of the purchase order.

供貨商用來通知接受買方訂單的單據。只要承認書中的條件與買方訂單所載沒有實質上的差異，承認書即代表著雙邊協議的達成。




ACQUISITION COST 取得成本

In the context of economic order quantity (EOQ) analysis, acquisition cost includes all costs associated with generating and processing an order and its related paperwork. In a broader management sense, acquisition costs are the sum of the ordering, transporting, handling, and all inventory holding costs associated with the acquisition of a material.

在經濟訂購量(E.O.Q.)分析里，「取得成本」包含了產生及處理訂單所有花費的成本，以及其相關的文書作業。從管理的廣義角度來看，「取得成本」則是與取得物料相關的訂購、運輸、搬運、及所有存貨持有成本的成本總和。




ACQUISITION PROCESS 取得程序

The series of activities involved in obtaining necessary inputs for an organization. Key steps are:(1) determination of need; (2) communication of need; (3) identification of potential sources; (4)solicitation and evaluation of bids and proposals; (5) preparation of the purchase order; (6)follow-up and expediting; (7) receipt and inspection; (8) clearing the invoice and payment; and (9)maintenance of records.

為組織取得營運所需而采取的一系列的作業活動。主要的步驟包括：(1)提出請購需求，確定需求內容；(2) 與使用單位溝通需求的細節；(3)尋找并確定有潛力的供應廠商；(4) 發出詢價通知并審核報價，開標，并確認得標供貨商；(5) 準備及發出采購訂單，供貨商簽回并確認交期；(6) 訂單的跟催與催貨；(7) 供貨商交貨、收貨、檢驗、入庫；(8) 付款并結案；(9) 采購記錄歸檔。


眾智培訓根據CPPM注冊職業采購經理的學習資料，整理的一些采中英文采購專業術語的解釋，這里是小編整理的第2期采購人員會遇到的采購供應鏈術語解釋，供大家學習參考！










ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING 作業活動基礎成本法( 或作業基礎成本會計制度)

A method for attributing indirect costs, based on the activities that drive cost. This approach is in contrast to traditional accounting methods which pool and arbitrarily allocate indirect costs.

一種依照會產生成本的特定作業活動為基準，來分攤間接成本的方法；它與傳統成本制度的不同在于間接費用的分攤方式，傳統的成本制度將間接成本分攤到生產成本中心，再分攤到產品上，其做法系采用單一或簡化的分攤基礎(例如：直接人工小時、機器小時等)，其會導致產品成本短計或溢計，反映出產品與顧客成本不正確，其結果為提供給決策者及作業員工之信息過于籠統；而 ABC 制度是將間接資源支出追溯至各項作業中心(或作業成本庫)，并利用作業成本驅動因子(cost driver)來追蹤成本標的之作業成本。




ACTUAL AUTHORITY 實際授權

The specific authority given to an agent by a principal.

由一個委托人(本人)授予一個代理人明確的授權。




AD VALOREM RATE 從價稅(根據價值)

Customs duty charged on the value of goods that are dutiable, irrespective of quality, weight, or any other considerations. The ad valorem rates of duty are expressed in percentages of the value of the goods, usually ascertained from the invoice.

不管貨物的質量、重量、或其它考慮，而只按應稅貨物的價值來征收關稅的通用術語。「從價稅」以認定貨物價格的百分比征收，通常依發票上的金額來認定。其公式為：關稅＝完稅價格×稅率。一般進口貨物大多按從價稅課征關稅。




ADMINISTERED PRICE 管制價格

A price determined by the policies of a seller rather than by the competitive forces of the marketplace.

由賣方所自覺的價格政策所決定的價格，而不是由市場競爭力機制來決定。




ADMINISTRATION OF CONTRACT PERFORMANCE 履約管理

The essential requirements for various types of procurement contracts shall be prescribed by the responsible entity by taking the international and domestic practices into consideration. In contracting for the services of planning, design, supervision, or management, the contract shall stipulate the responsibility of the supplier in the event that erroneous planning and design,irresponsible supervision, or poor management has caused damages to the entity.

各類采購契約之要項，由主管機關參考國際及國內慣例定之。委托規劃、設計、監造或管理之契約，應訂明廠商規劃設計錯誤、監造不實或管理不善，致機關遭受損害之責任。




ADMINISTRATION 行政管理

Overseeing purchasing documentation in the context of improving buyer performance.

在改善采購績效的情形下，監管采購文件的作為。




ADVANCE ARRANGEMENT 預先安排

Prior notification required for the movement of certain commodities by air carrier. Gold and other precious metals, live animals, hazardous materials, and certain other classes of shipments may require such arrangements.

對特定商品空運方式的預先協議，黃金及貴金屬、活牲畜、與其它等級的貨運或許需要此種安排。




ADVANCE PAYMENTS 預先付款

Payments in advance of delivery for stated amounts or for specified percentages of the purchase price.

在采購交易時，供貨商要求交貨前按規定的金額，或按采購總價的某一特定百分比來預先支付貨款。




ADVANCE SHIPPING NOTICE 預先出貨通知

A standardized EDI form detailing an inbound shipment to a receiving location.

標準的 EDI 表格，紀錄在送貨地點所收到貨物的詳列內容。




ADVANCED CHARGES 預支收費

The amount of freight or other charges on a shipment advanced by one carrier to another, or to the shipper, to be collected from the consignee.

運送貨物的運費或其它費用，由一貨運公司預支給另一家貨運公司或托運人，然后向收件人收取的費用。

個人你在厲害，干不過一個團隊，融入一個圈子，報團取暖，多結識些本行業人脈，一個人孤軍作戰，并不能洞悉整個采購行業的命脈，加入CPPM采購經理大家庭，融智慧，匯思維，集思廣益開拓未來！

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